This was the proof that they preferred being under the rule of Islam, as it, according to Nomani provided them with the system of justice they had longed for. Nomani wrote in his book Al-Farooq, that during Madina’s wars with Persia and Rome, the Christians of Syria (Roman province) and pagans of Iraq, a part of Persian Empire, had supported the 2nd Caliph’s armies with food and other supplies. Giving an example he said even a Caliph (ruler) could lose a case before the court against a Jewish layman.įurthermore, this was the first time that women were given the right to choose spouse, right to ask for any amount of mehr (marriage gift which could be in the form of cash, gold or jewels), right to ask for khulah (termination of marriage contract on her own), right to political protest, right to remarry, right to inherit property, right to own wealth, right to education, right to work, right to demand a separate house from in-laws and chose not to keep the second name of their husband, according to American scholar, Nouman Ali Khan.Īccording to political theorist Sayyid Abul A’la Maudoodi, the establishment of the State of Madina was a “perfect revolution in itself, as it entirely transformed the savage Arabian society from top to bottom, from politics to faith, from social customs to the economic system and took the barbaric Arabian society to the pinnacle of civilization in just a few years.” The faith of the Prophet spread across the Arabian peninsula, North Africa and Persia, all the way to the borders of Sindh just a few decades after the death of the Prophet. Shibli Nomani, an Indian expert on the evolution of Islamic history, writes that this was the first time when equality before the law was established and implemented. They had the option to follow and to not follow Islam.Ī theologian of Pakistan origin Javed Ghamidi remarked that it was a form of secular society, as the Jews of Madina (the minority community), were guaranteed freedom to practice their religion and protection of their religious places through a contract, which Mohammed Hijab, a British academic, says was the first-ever written constitution in history. According to Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, an Indian scholar, the establishment of the state of Madina, was the first time in history that the people there were officially not forced to adopt the faith of the ruler. Following a few years of struggle in the newly found refuge, the Prophet established the city state of Madina, with clear cut duties and obligations for the Muslims and the non-Muslims, most of whom were the Jews living in the city at that time.
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